Ua hāʻule ka uhi hau o ka Moana Arctic i ka pae haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā mākaʻikaʻi satellite ma 1979, wahi a nā ʻepekema aupuni US i ka Pōʻakahi.
A hiki i kēia mahina, hoʻokahi wale nō i loko o nā makahiki he 42 i hala iho nei ua uhi ʻia ka iwi poʻo maloʻo maloʻo ma lalo o 4 miliona kilomika square (1.5 miliona mau mile kuea).
Hiki i ka Arctic ke loaʻa i kāna kau hau hau mua i ka makahiki 2035, ua hōʻike nā mea noiʻi i ka mahina i hala ma ka puke pai Nature Climate Change.
Akā, ʻaʻole i hoʻokiʻekiʻe pololei kēlā hau hehee a me ka hau i ka ʻilikai, e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā pahu hau ʻaʻole i hoʻokahe i ke aniani wai, kahi e nīnau ai i ka nīnau ʻino: ʻO wai ka manaʻo?
ʻOiaʻiʻo, he nūhou maikaʻi kēia no nā bea polar, e like me ka noiʻi hou ʻana, ke hele nei lākou e pau.
ʻAe, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi hohonu ʻana o nā kaiaola kai o ka ʻāina, mai ka phytoplankton a i nā koholā.
E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, aia kekahi mau kumu e hopohopo ai i nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka emi ʻana o ka hau kai Arctic.
Malia paha ʻo ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi loa, wahi a ka poʻe ʻepekema, ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka hau hau ʻaʻole ia he hōʻailona o ka hoʻomehana honua, akā he mea hoʻoikaika ma hope o ia.
"ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka hau kai e hōʻike ana i ka moana ʻeleʻele, kahi e hana ai i kahi ʻano manaʻo manaʻo manaʻo," i haʻi aku ai ka geophysicist Marco Tedesco o Columbia University's Earth Institute i ka AFP.
Akā, i ka wā i hoʻololi ʻia ai ka ʻili aniani me ka wai uliuli ʻeleʻele, ua like ka pākēneka o ka ikehu wela o ka Honua.
ʻAʻole mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka wahi peʻa ma ʻaneʻi: ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka hau hau mai 1979 a i 1990 a ʻo ka helu haʻahaʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kēia lā ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 miliona mau kilomita square - ʻelua ʻelua o ko Farani, Kelemānia a me Sepania i hui pū ʻia.
Ke komo nei ka moana i ka 90 pākēneka o ka wela nui i hana ʻia e nā kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo anthropogenic, akā hiki mai kēia ma ke kumu kūʻai, e komo pū ana me nā hoʻololi kemika, nā nalu wela nui a me nā ʻākoʻa make.
Aia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana aniau paʻakikī o ka honua ke au o ka moana i hoʻopili ʻia e ka makani, ke kai, a me ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo thermohaline circulation, i alakaʻi ʻia e nā hoʻololi ʻana o ka mahana ("mahana") a me ka ʻike paʻakai ("brine").
Hiki i nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi o ke kāʻei hoʻokele moana (e hele ana ma waena o nā pou a me nā moana ʻekolu) hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena pōʻino i ke aniau.
No ka laʻana, kokoke i 13,000 mau makahiki aku nei, i ka wā i hoʻololi ai ka Honua mai ka wā hau i kahi wā interglacial e hiki ai i kā mākou ʻano ke ulu, ua hāʻule koke ka mahana o ka honua i kekahi mau degere Celsius.
Hōʻike nā hōʻike ʻikehonua ʻo ka lohi ʻana i ka holo ʻana o ka thermohaline ma muli o ke kahe nui a me ka wikiwiki o ka wai anuanu mai ka Arctic kekahi hapa.
"ʻO ka wai hou mai ke kai hoʻoheheʻe a me ka hau honua ma Greenland e hoʻopau a hoʻonāwaliwali i ke kahawai ʻo Gulf," wahi o kahi kāʻei conveyor e kahe ana i ka Moana ʻAkelanika, wahi a ka mea noiʻi ʻo Xavier Fettweiss o ke Kulanui o Liege ma Belgium.
"ʻO ia ke kumu i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻEulopa ma mua o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ma ka latitu like."
ʻO ka nui o ka hau hau ma ka ʻāina ma Greenland ua nalowale ʻoi aku ma mua o 500 biliona toni o ka wai maʻemaʻe i ka makahiki i hala, a ua kahe nā mea a pau i ke kai.
ʻO ka nui o ka moʻolelo ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, ʻo ia ka piʻi ʻana ma ka pālua o ka helu ma ka Arctic ma mua o ke koena o ka honua.
"Ua hōʻike kekahi mau haʻawina i ka piʻi ʻana o nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke kauwela ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka hau kai," wahi a Fettwiss i ka AFP.
Wahi a kahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai Nature i Iulai, ʻo ke ala o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke aniau a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela hau ʻole, e like me ka wehewehe ʻana e ka UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Climate Panel, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 1 miliona mau kilomita square.i ka pau ana o ke keneturi, e make io na bea i ka pololi.
"ʻO ka hoʻomehana honua i hoʻoulu ʻia e ke kanaka ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi o ka hau kai i ke kauwela," i haʻi aku ai ka mea kākau alakaʻi ʻo Stephen Armstrup, ka mea ʻepekema nui ma Polar Bears International, i ka AFP.